01 Commodity Prices
World Bank Pink Sheet  ·  1960–2025  ·  Nominal & Real USD
Why this matters

Price cycles define investment opportunities — but they also set governments' expectations.

Commodity prices reveal fiscal pressures, community expectations, or latent conflicts. Understanding these cycles helps decision-makers time their development commitments and anticipate expectations.

Malthus Global

Malthus Global translates price-cycle analysis into geopolitical and stakeholder risk assessments.

See Policy, Risk & Geopolitics services
Latest Price
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Gold — Nominal USD
Nominal USD · 1960–2025 · World Bank Pink Sheet
Annual Data
Year Nominal Real (2010$) YoY Chg
Key Market Events
Notes & Sources
Data Source
World Bank Commodity Price Data (Pink Sheet) — Annual prices, nominal and real (constant 2010 USD), 1960–present.
Update
Dataset updated March 03, 2026. Annual series. Real prices deflated using World Bank MUV index (2010 = 100).
Coverage
14 commodities across energy and metals & minerals. Crude oil Brent/WTI from early 1980s.
Disclaimer
Prices are annual averages. Compiled by Malthus Global for analytical purposes. Source: World Bank Open Data. Not investment advice.
02 Mining & Quarrying — Asia-Pacific
ADB Key Indicators 2025  ·  38 Economies  ·  2000–2024
Why this matters

The mining industry has a special connection with Asia. It represents the weight of a major economic sector — and the starting point for industrial development and the global economic future.

Tracking how mining contributes to GDP across Asia-Pacific shows the importance of advancing with a clear focus on development outcomes and geopolitical strategy.

Malthus Global

Malthus Global builds the development-contribution studies that turn sector data like this into a defensible case for better investment-term negotiations and alliance-building.

See Development Studies
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Australia — Mining GDP
Mining & Quarrying · USD million · ADB Key Indicators 2025
Annual Data
Year Mining GDP (US$mn) YoY Change
2023 Ranking — Mining GDP
Notes & Sources
Data Source
ADB Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2025 — Mining & Quarrying value added in national accounts (kidb.adb.org).
Indicator Definition
Mining & Quarrying value added in local currency converted to USD at average period exchange rates. Productivity = Mining GDP ÷ Mining Employment.
Coverage
38 Asia-Pacific economies, annual series 2000–2024. Data availability varies by country and indicator.
Disclaimer
Compiled by Malthus Global. Cross-country comparisons should account for differences in national accounting methodologies. Not investment advice.
03 Mining & Quarrying GDP — Latin America & Caribbean
ECLAC / CEPAL  ·  33 Economies  ·  1990–2025
Why this matters

Regional trends move faster than national policy.

Mining output in Latin America hasn't kept pace with global commodity demand: permitting reform and social-licence pressures have created complex structural barriers for projects. Reading these trends early helps operators and governments align expectations before conflicts escalate.

Malthus Global

Malthus Global has run development and impact studies across more than a dozen Latin American jurisdictions — turning regional data like this into project-specific risk assessments.

See Development Studies
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Brazil — Mining & Quarrying GDP
Mining & Quarrying · USD million · ECLAC/CEPAL 1990–2025
Annual Data
Year Mining & Quarrying GDP (US$M) YoY Change
Latest Year Ranking — Mining & Quarrying GDP
Notes & Sources
Data Source
ECLAC / CEPAL — Annual GDP by Economic Activity — Mining & Quarrying value added at current prices in USD millions. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.
Indicator Definition
Mining & Quarrying value added in national accounts at current prices, converted to USD. Percentage share = Mining & Quarrying GDP ÷ Total GDP × 100.
Coverage
33 Latin American & Caribbean economies, annual series 1990–2025. Data availability varies by country and year.
Disclaimer
Compiled by Malthus Global. Cross-country comparisons should account for differences in national accounting methodologies. Not investment advice.
Definition & Scope — Mining & Quarrying in National Accounts

Mining & Quarrying, as used in national accounts and GDP reporting, refers to all primary extraction activities carried out from the earth's crust. This category includes metallic minerals, non-metallic minerals, quarry products, and crude petroleum. It may also include natural gas extraction, depending on each country's statistical classification.

Importantly, Mining & Quarrying covers only the extraction stage. Activities such as oil refining, gas processing, petrochemical manufacturing, and pipeline transport are classified under other sectors (typically Manufacturing or Utilities).

This distinction ensures that GDP data reflects the value generated by raw resource extraction, separate from downstream industrial processing.

04 World Copper — Mine Production & Refined Consumption
ICSG / COCHILCO  ·  63 Economies  ·  2007–2024
Why this matters

Copper's demand curve is a geopolitical curve.

Production and consumption figures are starting to function as geopolitical risk indicators.

Malthus Global

Malthus Global assesses how critical-minerals geopolitics reshapes project risk, permitting leverage, and supply-chain positioning for copper producers.

See Policy & Risk services
World mine production
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% of world total · 2024
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World total — Mine production vs Consumption
All countries combined · Thousand MT · 2007–2024
Annual World Totals
YearMine prod. (kMT)Consumption (kMT)Balance
2024 Ranking — Mine Production
Notes & Sources
Data Source
ICSG — International Copper Study Group and COCHILCO (Chilean Copper Commission) — World mine production and refined copper consumption by country, 2007–2024.
Indicators
Mine production: copper content of ore extracted (kMT). Consumption: refined copper consumed by manufacturing sector (kMT). Balance = production − consumption.
Coverage
63 economies · Annual series 2007–2024. In Country Detail mode, select multiple countries to display their stacked area contribution to the world total.
Disclaimer
Compiled by Malthus Global for analytical purposes. Cross-country comparisons should account for national reporting differences. Not investment advice.
05 Mining GDP by Country — Global Map
World Bank / ADB / National Accounts  ·  80 Economies  ·  Latest year available
Why this matters

Mining GDP is a measure of national wealth and expectations of prosperity.

A global map of mining's GDP contribution shows more than economic weight — it shows where governments, communities, and investors have the most at stake, and where scrutiny of the sector's development promises will be highest. Benchmarking across jurisdictions helps set realistic, defensible expectations.

Malthus Global

Malthus Global benchmarks development outcomes across jurisdictions, helping clients frame local commitments against globally comparable evidence.

See Reporting & Strategy

Mining & Quarrying GDP by country, in current US$ millions, latest year available per country. 80 economies with data ≥ US$500M. Countries with a dashed border (Canada, Congo Dem. Rep., Norway, South Africa) use preliminary 2025 estimates.

Canada Canada USA USA Mexico Mexico Dom. Rep. Dom. Rep. Guatemala Guatemala El Salvador El Salvador Honduras Honduras Colombia Colombia Ecuador Ecuador Peru Peru Bolivia Bolivia Brazil Brazil Chile Chile Argentina Argentina UK UK Spain Spain Eritrea Eritrea Uganda Uganda Rwanda Rwanda Tanzania Tanzania DRC DRC Madagascar Madagascar S. Africa S. Africa Kazakhstan Kazakhstan India India Mongolia Mongolia China China Japan Japan Malaysia Malaysia Philippines Philippines PNG PNG Solomon Is. Solomon Is. Nauru Nauru Fiji Fiji Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand Additional field assignment Additional field assignment Additional field assignment Additional field assignment Additional field assignment Additional field assignment Additional field assignment Additional field assignment BRISBANE HQ BRISBANE HQ SANTIAGO HQ SANTIAGO HQ
Mining GDP (US$M, log scale)

Top 10 — Highest Mining GDP

Top 10 — Highest % of Total GDP

Mining GDP
% of Total GDP
Year